Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they play a crucial role in energy production through the process of cellular respiration. Within the mitochondria, glucose and oxygen are converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which serves as the primary energy currency of the cell. This conversion process involves several key reactions that take place within the inner mitochondrial membrane, including the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.

The abundant availability of ATP generated by mitochondria is essential for various cellular functions, including muscle contraction, neurotransmission, and biosynthesis of macromolecules. This is why the mitochondria are so vital to the cell’s energy metabolism and overall function.

The other organelles listed do not primarily serve this energy-producing function. The nucleus is involved in storing genetic information and regulating gene expression, ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, and chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis in plant cells, converting light energy into chemical energy. Thus, the unique role of mitochondria in producing ATP establishes them as the powerhouse of the cell.