What is the main function of ribosomes?

The primary function of ribosomes is to facilitate protein synthesis, which is the process of translating messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences into polypeptide chains, ultimately forming proteins. Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they play a crucial role in building proteins that are necessary for various cellular functions, such as enzyme activities and structural components.

During protein synthesis, ribosomes read the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA, which is transcribed from DNA, and match it with the appropriate transfer RNA (tRNA) that carries specific amino acids. This interaction ensures that the correct sequence of amino acids is assembled, leading to the formation of functional proteins. The accurate functioning of ribosomes is vital because proteins are essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of all living organisms.