What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their key role in producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary energy currency of the cell. This process occurs through cellular respiration, specifically during the stages of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation that take place within the mitochondria.

The structure of mitochondria is especially suited for this function, as they have a double membrane that creates distinct compartments, facilitating the various enzymatic reactions required for ATP production. The inner membrane is folded into cristae, increasing the surface area available for the chemical reactions involved in energy production, while the mitochondrial matrix contains enzymes essential for the Krebs cycle.

The other choices highlight important cell functions but do not accurately describe the primary role of mitochondria. For example, storing genetic information is typically associated with the nucleus, synthesizing proteins primarily takes place in ribosomes, and transporting materials within the cell involves structures like the endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles. Therefore, the function of mitochondria as the site of ATP production through cellular respiration is paramount for supporting all cellular activities that require energy.