What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

The correct choice highlights a fundamental distinction between mitosis and meiosis based on the types of cells they produce. Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, which are clones of the original cell. This is primarily used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms. In contrast, meiosis is specifically involved in the formation of gametes – sperm and egg cells – and introduces genetic diversity. This is achieved through processes such as crossing over and independent assortment, which shuffle genes between chromosomes.

The production of genetically diverse gametes is essential for sexual reproduction, as it ensures that offspring have a combination of traits from both parents. This genetic variability is key to evolution and adaptation in changing environments. Therefore, recognizing that mitosis maintains genetic consistency among cells while meiosis contributes to genetic diversity is crucial for understanding the roles these processes play in life cycles and evolution.