What is described as a trait that increases an organism's chance of survival and reproduction?

A trait that increases an organism's chance of survival and reproduction is referred to as an adaptation. Adaptations are characteristics that have evolved over time through the process of natural selection, enabling organisms to better fit their environment. This can include physical traits, such as the camouflage of an animal in its habitat, or behavioral traits, such as migratory patterns that help species find food or avoid harsh conditions.

Adaptations arise because traits that enhance survival and reproductive success are more likely to be passed on to future generations. Over time, these beneficial traits become more common within the population, leading to increased fitness of the species in their specific environment. Understanding adaptations is crucial for studying how organisms interact with their environment and how they have evolved over time.

In contrast, mutation refers to random changes in DNA that can lead to variations within a species, but not all mutations lead to adaptations. Evolution is the broader process through which species change over generations, encompassing all genetic changes, including adaptation. Selection, specifically natural selection, is the mechanism through which adaptations are favored, but it does not directly describe the traits themselves. Therefore, adaptation is the most accurate term for a trait that enhances survival and reproductive success.