What defines a mutation in biological terms?

A mutation in biological terms is indeed defined as a change in the DNA sequence. Mutations can involve alterations in a single nucleotide, deletions or insertions of larger segments of DNA, or even rearrangements of the genetic material. These changes can occur naturally due to errors in DNA replication, exposure to radiation, chemical agents, or can be induced artificially in a laboratory setting.

The significance of a mutation lies in its potential to affect protein synthesis, which ultimately influences the phenotype of an organism. When a mutation occurs in a coding region of a gene, it can lead to changes in the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein, potentially altering its function. Additionally, mutations can affect regulatory regions of DNA, leading to alterations in gene expression.

Understanding mutations is fundamental in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and medicine, as they can be the underlying cause of genetic disorders or contribute to the diversity of traits within a population.