What best describes the function of chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in plant cells and some algae that play a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis. Their primary function is to convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose, a sugar molecule. This process not only provides energy for the plant but also produces oxygen as a byproduct, which is essential for the survival of aerobic organisms, including humans.

In photosynthesis, chlorophyll, the green pigment located in the chloroplasts, captures light energy, initiating a series of chemical reactions that transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process highlights the importance of chloroplasts in supporting life on Earth by contributing to the food chain and maintaining atmospheric oxygen levels.

Other choices do not accurately describe the function of chloroplasts. For instance, cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria, storing genetic information is a function of the nucleus, and cell division is managed by structures such as the centrosome. Therefore, the correct answer emphasizes the role of chloroplasts in energy conversion through photosynthesis.